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    A STUDY TOWARDS MULTI-SCRIPT ARTISTIC IMAGE ANALYSIS
    (Aliah University, 2023) Ghosh, Mridul
    Computational perception has indeed been dramatically modified and re- formed from handcrafted feature-based techniques to the advent of deep learning. Scene text identification and recognition have inexorably been touched by this bow effort of upheaval, ushering in the period of deep learning. It is an important aspect of machine vision. Society has seen significant improvements in thinking, approach, and effectiveness over the course of time. The goal of this study is to analyze the important developments and to address the issues in multi-script artistic scene text localization, script identification, and recognition of the same. Real-world images often encompass embedded texts which adhere to disparate disciplines like tourism, advertisement business, education, and amusement to name a few. Such images are graphically rich in terms of font attributes, color dis- tribution, foreground-background similarity, and component organization. These texts in natural images play an important role in portraying information in mul- titudinous fields such as communication, education, and entertainment to name a few. Recognizing text in scene images is challenging not only due to the inherent complexity of the images but also due to the presence of multiple scripts in vari- ous forms. Text recognition in natural images involves script identification, which requires text localization. This is not trivial for natural scene images due to the presence of disparate foreground/background components. This aggravates the difficulty of recognizing texts from these images. Such characteristics are very prominent and the challenge is more dominant in the case of multi-script artistic scene images like movie posters. The challenges aggravate due to the presence of composite characteristics of posters like complex graphics background and the presence of different texts like a movie title, names of actors, producers, directors, ii and tagline. These texts have miscellaneous fonts, variations in colors, size, orien- tation, and textures. One of the primal information in movie posters is the title. Automatic recognition of movie titles from images can aid in efficient indexing as well as information conveyance. However, it is accompanied by other texts like names of actors, producers, taglines, dates, etc. Though the organization of components is somewhat similar across different film industries like Tollywood (West Bengal), Bollywood (Mumbai), and Hollywood (Los Angeles), the graffiti patterns differ in multifarious instances. To address the problem of movie title un- derstanding, a dataset named MOvie POsters-Hollywood Bollywood Tollywood (MOPO-HBT) encompassing movie posters from the aforementioned industries is proposed. The texts were extracted using an M-EAST (modified EAST) model, which is based on the EAST (efficient and accurate scene text detector) model for text localization. It was observed that the FPS (frame processed/sec.) value of M-EAST is higher by 4.6 than EAST. A novel movie title extraction algorithm is thereafter proposed to extract the movie title from the pool of text in the image. Script identification serves as a precursor of the text recognition through op- tical character recognition (OCR). The OCR engines are generally script depen- dent, as mixing of scripts happens at the block, line, and word levels. Things get complicated when the artistic texts are generated with a mixing of scripts in a single word i.e., at the character level. So, before, script identification, it is important to identify the script-type i.e., single or mixed-script. A CNN based deep learning framework, is developed to detect single/mixed script images. An OCR has been also built to recognize the title of the movie poster. To consider the deployment of the system in low-resource environments shallow convolutional neural network (SCNN) architecture was also developed for the same.
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    Density materials theoretical study on some low dimensional materials
    (University of Calcutta, 2008) Sen, Sabyasachi
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    Fluvial landforms and land potential problems of Kalej Khola basin Sikkim
    (University of Calcutta, 2012) Mandal, Bedhas Ujjwal
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    GENESIS, GROWTH AND OBSOLESCENCE STUDY OF DIFFERENT FACETS OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE: AN ANALYTICAL MODEL
    (Vidyasagar University, 2023) Teli, Soumen
    This research entitled “Genesis, Growth and Obsolescence Study of Different Facets of Biological Science: an Analytical Model” focused on the growth and obsolescence study. The study found that in 1990, physiology contributed the maximum number of publications, 28%. Furthermore, in 2019, genetics contributed the maximum number of publications, 33.03 %. The RGR of all investigated subjects decreased gradually, and DT for all the subjects increased gradually. The proportion of papers published over the last five years compared to the whole literature corpus (1990-2019) was highest for virology (50.45%). Also, in this case, the lowest proportion was observed for cell biology. The research shows that among the 15 facets, 11 facets followed Price’s law of exponential growth in global publication. In the Indian publication context, all the facets are followed Price’s empirical theory of exponential growth. In botany, biotechnology and proteomics research Indian contribution is more than the global. The lowest AAF is found in botany (0.977), and the highest AAF is found in histology. The half-life varies from one subject, to another subject and it ranges between 7 to 18 years. The lowest half life value is found in botany and the highest in ecology. The lowest utility factor is observed in botany. The study found that there is no positive correlation between growth of literature and obsolescence of literature. The DT was not influenced by HL.
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    KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF THE AQUAS AND EMULSION POLYMERIZATION OF VINYLE MONOMAR (METHACRYLONITRILE)
    (UNIVERSITY OF BURDWAN, 1991) GUCHHAIT, SUKUMAR
    The present thesis reports the work done in aqueous and emulsion polymerizations of methacrylonitrile (MAN) monomer. This includes the kinetic investigation of methacrylonitrile polymerization in the presence of sodium Lauryl sulphate (NaLS) as micelle generator and potassium persulphate (KPS) as initiator. In order to understand the role of micelle generator in emulsion polymerization of methacrylonitrile, the polymerization has also been investigated in the absence of micelle generator. In order to throw light on the mode of the chain initiation, the mechanism of potassium persulphate decomposition in the presence of methacrylonitrile has been studied. A comparative study on the polymerizations of acrylonitrile and of methacrylonitrile has been made and a mechanism for the growth of polymers of methacrylonitrile has been postulated on the basis of experimental results. Besides, comprehensive reviews on (i) a4ueous and emulsion polymerization of vinyl monomers in general (ii) polymerization of acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile and (iii) thermal decomposition of potassium persulphate in 84ueous solutions have been written in Chapter I and II.
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    Litter and ground dwelling spiders araneae Arachnida of reserve forests of Dooars West Bengal
    (University of Calcutta, 2013) Dhali, Dhruba Chandra
    Spiders are among the oldest, most omnipresent and numerous predators in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. They are easily characterized by two main body parts, viz.cephalothorax and abdomen, joined by a narrow pedicel, 4 pairs ofjointed legs, 6-8 simple eyes and 4-6 spinnerets. Spiders have established themselves as a model organism in biochemical (for silk and venomproteins), behavioural (for sexual and web building) and ecological (for foraging, preypredator interaction and IPM) research. They are also utilized as ecological indicators in many terrestrial communities. Appreciating the bioresource value of studying spiders, I present my work on the taxonomy of litter and ground dwelling spiders of Gorumara National Park (GNP), Chapramari Wild Life Sanctuary (CWLS), Jaldapara Wild Life Sanctuary (JWLS) and Buxa Tiger Reserve (BTR), West Bengal, India. The work embodies taxonomic account and distribution of the species recorded from different ranges ofthese reserve forests.The thesis starts with an Introductory section where the importance of the litter and ground dwelling spiders and the area ofstudy are discussed. Earlier works on the spiders is dealt in the Literature Review section. The next section deals with the Collection and Preservation procedures, Identification of spiders, their General Morphology and Terminology and Abbreviations used.Taxonomic part includes the detailed account of the diagnostic characters and keys for the families, genera, and species. However, the well known species have not been redescribed but have been suitably illustrated and keyed. Additionally as a suffix to each family a note on the biology is also given. This is followed by Distributional Pattern of spider taxa, Discussion, Summary ofthe work, References cited and Publications. A total of 89 species under 36 genera and 13 families are dealt with. Ofthese 12 species are new to the world, 7 from the country while 25 from the slate. Thirty two species are reported as endemic to India.
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    Major Lipid Classes and Fatty Acid in Edible Marine and Freshwater Crab
    (Vidyasagar University, 2015) Das, Mohua
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    Nirvaacitasamkrtanaatakesu Adbhutarasavimarsah
    (Rabindra Bharati University, 2018) Chattopadhyay, Somnath
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    Quantum-Chemical Studies of Selected Problems Using Evolutionary Algorithms
    (University of Calcutta, 2019) Naskar, Pulak
    Determination of size selected microclusters is one of the most important elds in contemporary chemical physics. Experimentalists have found out new and interesting properties of the clusters while theoreticians have parallely provided the proper explanation of the properties. Theoretician have attempted this type of problems in various ways. One of the well established methods is a conjugated recipe of evolutionary algorithms and quantum-chemical methods. In this review we intend to review the various types of these evolutionary algorithms. Having control over any quantum chemical phenomena is also an very important eld of research. In this chapter we have reviewed the applications of evolutionary algorithms to control the chemical events. In this chapter we have also reviewed the quantum-chemical methods, which have been used to execute the works in this thesis.
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    Rape the Symbolic Struggle of Power a Study in West Bengal
    (University of Calcutta, 2024) Chatterjee, Soumita
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    Singular reference review of some theories and problems
    (University of Calcutta, 2021) Saha, Sibani
    The problem of reference is a central issue in philosophy of language. For philosophers of language typically think that the principal way in which language attaches to reality is through reference. And they also hold that reference to objects especially to one, single, particular object plays a crucial role in linking word to world. Hence it is found that there has been a great surge of interest amongst the philosophers in the problem of singular reference. In my present study I shall be primarily concerned with proper names which refer to their objects uniquely and singularly and are therefore regarded as paradigm examples of singular reference. My object in this work is to explain thoroughly and examine critically the theories of singular reference, particularly reference of proper names, as offered by Mill, Frege, Russell, Searle, Strawson, Donnellan, Kripke, Putnam and Evans with special reference two central issues : a) What exactly is the mechanism of reference of a proper name ? b) Is there any criterion of correct application of a proper name to an object ? The theories offered in this connection fall into two heads : i) no-sense theory of proper name ii) sense theory of proper name. In Introduction the problem of singular reference has been explained. In Chapter One Mill’s theory of singular reference has been explained and examined. Chapter Two deals with an exposition and evaluation of Frege’s view on singular reference with reference to his distinction between sense and reference. Chapter Three contains Russell’s theory of singular reference and a critical appraisal of his theory. Chapter Four is devoted to Strawson’s theory of singular reference. His polemic against Russell’s theory is also explained and examined in this connection. Donnellan’s observations on the Russell-Strawson controversy as well as his historical explanation theory of proper names is discussed in this connection. In Chapter Five the causal chain account of proper name as offered by Kripke and Putnam has been explained and examined with reference to Evans’ objections. Evans’ amendment of Kripke’s causal chain account is also discussed in this context. My thesis is that none of the theories of proper name (singular reference) can adequately explain how proper names function in their variety of uses and can provide us with a satisfactory criterion of application of a proper name. On balance it seems that a satisfactory theory of proper name must to incorporate insights drawn both from sense and no-sense theories of proper name. Evans’ theory, in spite of some flaws I think, is tolerably satisfactory . For it attempts to combine both the sense and no-sense theories.
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    TEXTILE INDUSTRIES IN HOWRAH DISTRICT: RISE AND DECLINE (1900-2000)
    (Adamas University, 2024) Mainan, Tusar Kanti
    This research explores the rise, flourishing period, and eventual decline of the textile industries in Howrah District, West Bengal, spanning from 1900 to 2000. Howrah, often dubbed the "Sheffield of India," was once a critical hub for various industries, especially textiles, which significantly contributed to the economic fabric of Bengal. This study meticulously traces the factors that propelled Howrah into a prominent position in the textile sector and subsequently examines the myriad challenges that led to its decline. By analyzing the socio-economic and political dynamics over more than a century, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of the industrial transformation in the region. The early 20th century marked the beginning of Howrah's industrial prominence, driven by its strategic location near Kolkata and along the Hooghly River, which facilitated trade and transportation. The district's proximity to raw materials, availability of skilled labor, and entrepreneurial initiatives led to the rapid establishment of textile mills, particularly those involved in jute, cotton, and silk production. These industries became the backbone of Howrah's economy, providing employment to thousands and significantly contributing to Bengal's industrial output during the colonial period. The research begins by contextualizing Howrah's rise within the broader industrial landscape of British India. During this period, the British colonial administration encouraged the growth of industries that could supply raw materials for export to Britain while fostering minimal industrial development within India itself. However, Howrah's textile sector grew beyond mere raw material production, with significant advancements in manufacturing and processing capabilities. The study investigates how local entrepreneurship, supported by British capital and technology, contributed to the district's industrial boom. It also explores the socio-economic conditions that attracted a diverse workforce to Howrah, including migrants from rural Bengal and neighboring states, who played a crucial role in the industry's growth. The mid-20th century represents the zenith of Howrah's textile industry. Post-independence, the Indian government implemented policies aimed at protecting and promoting indigenous industries, including textiles. The study examines the impact of these policies, such as protective tariffs, the establishment of textile cooperatives, and government subsidies, which helped sustain the growth of Howrah's textile sector during this period. Additionally, the research highlights the role of global market demands in shaping the industry's trajectory, as Howrah's textiles found markets not only within India but also in regions such as Southeast Asia, Africa, and Europe. This period also saw significant advancements in textile technology, which contributed to increased productivity and product diversification. The research delves into the technological innovations adopted by Howrah's textile mills, including mechanized looms and improved dyeing and finishing processes, which enabled the production of highis-quality textiles. more, the study explores the organizational structures of these mills, focusing on management practices, labor relations, and the role of trade unions in negotiating better working conditions and wages for textile workers. Despite the post-independence growth, the latter half of the 20th century brought significant challenges that gradually led to the decline of Howrah's textile industry. The research identifies multiple factors contributing to this decline, including the rise of synthetic fibers, which began to replace traditional natural fibers like jute and cotton. Synthetic fibers, being cheaper and more durable, quickly gained popularity in both domestic and international markets, reducing the demand for Howrah's textile products. Anothis critical factor examined in the study is labor unrest, which became increasingly prevalent from the 1960s onwards. The research investigates the causes of this unrest, including poor working conditions, low wages, and management's resistance to labor demands. Frequent strikes and lockouts disrupted production and eroded the profitability of textile mills. The study also considers the impact of outdated technology and inadequate infrastructure on the industry's ability to compete with more modernized textile centers in India and abroad. The liberalization of the Indian economy in the 1990s exacerbated the challenges faced by Howrah's textile industry. The research explores how the opening up of the Indian market to global competition exposed the weaknesses of the local textile sector, which had long relied on government protection and subsidies. The influx of cheaper, mass-produced textiles from countries like China and Southeast Asia overwhelmed local producers, leading to a sharp decline in market share. Additionally, the study examines the role of policy missteps, such as the lack of investment in modernization and the failure to adapt to changing consumer preferences, which contributed to the industry's decline. The decline of the textile industry had profound socio-economic consequences for Howrah District. The research dedicates a significant portion to understanding the impact of mill closures on the local population. As mills shut down or scaled back operations, thousands of workers lost their jobs, leading to widespread unemployment and economic hardship. The study examines the coping mechanisms adopted by displaced workers, including shifts to informal labor markets, small-scale entrepreneurship, and migration to othis industrial centers or rural areas. The decline also affected the local economy, leading to a reduction in economic activity and a decline in living standards for many residents of Howrah. The research investigates the broader economic impact of the industry's decline, including the loss of ancillary industries that had developed around the textile sector, such as suppliers of raw materials, machinery, and transportation services. The study also explores the social impact, including the disruption of communities built around the mills and the erosion of social capital as families and individuals struggled to adapt to the new economic reality. This study provides a comprehensive account of the rise and decline of the textile industries in Howrah District, offering valuable insights into the broader patterns of industrialization and deindustrialization in India. The research underscores the importance of adaptive strategies and forward-looking policies in sustaining industrial growth in the face of global economic changes. It highlights the need for continuous innovation, investment in technology, and proactive labor management to ensure the long-term viability of industries. The findings of this research have significant implications for policymakers, historians, and economists interested in the dynamics of industrial transformation. For policymakers, the study emphasizes the need for a balanced approach that supports industrial growth while preparing for potential challenges such as global competition and technological disruption. The research also suggests that a focus on skills development and retraining programs could help mitigate the negative impact of industrial decline on workers and communities.For historians, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of the economic and social history of Bengal, particularly the role of industrialization in shaping the region's development. The research also offers a case study in the broader context of India's industrial history, illustrating the complex interplay of local, national, and global factors in the rise and fall of industries. For economists, the study provides empirical data and analysis on the factors influencing industrial growth and decline, which can inform future research on industrial policy and economic development. The research also highlights the importance of considering both economic and social factors in understanding the impact of industrialization on communities and regions. This research utilizes a multidisciplinary approach, drawing on historical records, economic data, and interviews with former industry workers, policymakers, and local historians. Through this comprehensive analysis, the study aims to shed light on the lessons that can be learned from Howrah's industrial experience, particularly in the context of contemporary challenges faced by India's manufacturing sector. The findings underscore the importance of strategic planning, innovation, and investment in ensuring the long-term sustainability of industries, and offer valuable lessons for regions and industries facing similar challenges today
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    THE ORIGIN OF THE RAMAKRISHNA MATH & MISSION AND IT'S IMPACT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PEOPLE OF INDIA (1897- 1964)
    (Kalinga University, 2024-05-25) Paul, Prodip
    A turning point was reached in the development of human civilization with Swami Vivekananda and Sri Ramakrishna's advent. Their message and way of living are not geared towards a certain country, state, or socioeconomic class. The goal of their organization is to promote world peace and harmony. It is inevitable that their values and unwavering message will lead society to salvation and ultimately lead to its demise when society encounters peril or strays from spirituality." The lives of people like Sri Ramakrishna and Swami Vivekananda have been dedicated to improving the welfare of others for their entire lives.
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    Theoretical Investigations of Some Blood Flow Problems in Biomathematics
    (1998) Maiti, Arun Kumar
    Biomathematics (also called mathematical biosciences) is an interdisciplinary subject with a vast and exponentially growing literature belonging to different disciplines. Contributions to it have been made by mathematicians, physicists, statisticians, computer scientists, botanists, zoologists, ecologists, agricultural scientists, demographers, physiologists, medical scientists, mechanical, electrical and chemical engineers and many others. A large number of mathematical models have been developed to get an insight into complex biological, ecological and physiological situations. A great variety of mathematical techniques have been employed to solve these models. These include techniques for solutions of differential, difference, integral, delay-differential and integro-differential equations as well as techniques of linear, nonlinear, dynamic and stochastic programming, calculus of variations, maximum principle and so on. Some of the latest results of algebraic topology, fuzzy sets and catastrophe theory have been successfully used to probe deeply into the problems of life sciences.
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    WEAVING FRAMES IN HILBERT SPACES
    (University of Delhi, 2017-10) Deepshikha
    The work in the thesis entitled “Weaving Frames in Hilbert Spaces” deals with the study of weaving properties of different types of frames in separable Hilbert spaces. This is motivated by a new concept of “weaving frames” in separable Hilbert spaces; introduced by Bemrose, Casazza, Gr¨ochenig, Lammers and Lynch [13] with an eye on various applications of frames in distributed signal processing. Let I be a countable set. Two discrete frames {fi}i∈I and {gi}i∈I for a separable Hilbert space H are said to be woven if there are universal positive constants A and B such that for every subset σ ⊂ I, the family {fi}i∈σ ∪ {gi}i∈σc is a frame for H with lower and upper frame bounds A and B, respectively. We say that {fi}i∈I and {gi}i∈I are weakly woven if for every subset σ ⊂ I, the family {fi}i∈σ ∪ {gi}i∈σc is a frame for H. Weaving frames has potential applications in wireless sensor networks that require distributed processing under different frames, as well as pre-processing of signals using Gabor frames. Casazza and Lynch in [30] reviewed fundamental properties of weaving frames. They also discussed weaving equivalent of an unconditional basis. Fundamental properties of weaving fusion frames can be found in [56]. Casazza, Freeman and Lynch [31] extended the concept of weaving Hilbert space frames to the Banach space setting. We study weaving properties of ordinary frames, generalized frames and continuous frames in separable Hilbert spaces. The contents of the thesis have been published/accepted/communicated in [55, 57, 58, 101, 102]. The thesis is apportioned into five chapters. Chapter 1 provides a brief review of frames and Riesz bases in separable Hilbert spaces. Chapters 2 to 5 are the embodiment of our study in the thesis.
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